This is the displacement of the patella (knee cap) from its’ normal location on the front of the knee joint. It is common in small-breed dogs, but can also occur in large breeds. It can be caused by abnormal conformation (heredity) or a lack of adequate exercise on a solid surface (wire flooring doesn’t supply enough support). Exercise strengthens the muscles that help hold the patella in place. The luxation can eventually cause pain and lameness with gradual damage to the entire knee joint. Luxations are graded on a scale of 1 (mild) to 4 (severe).